Introduction
Google is world’s most popular and powerful search engine which has the ability to accept pre-defined commands as input and produce unbelievable results. This enables malicious users like hackers, *****ers, and script kiddies etc to use Google search engine extensively to gather confidential or sensitive information which is not visible through common searches.
 
In this paper I shall cover the below given points that an administrators or security professionals must take into account to prevent such information disclosures:
 
- Google’s Advance Search Query Syntaxes
- Querying for vulnerable sites or servers using Google’s advance syntaxes
- Securing servers or sites from Google’s invasion
 
 
Google’s Advance Search Query Syntaxes
 
Below discussed are various Google’s special commands and I shall be explaining each command in brief and will show how it can be used for critical information digging.
 
[ intitle: ]
 
The “intitle:” syntax helps Google restrict the search results to pages containing that word in the title. For example, “intitle: login password” (without quotes) will return links to those pages that has the word "login" in their title, and the word "password" anywhere in the page.
 
Similarly, if one has to query for more than one word in the page title then in that case “allintitle:” can be used instead of “intitle” to get the list of pages containing all those words in its title. For example using “intitle: login intitle: password” is same as querying “allintitle: login password”.
 
 
[ inurl: ]
 
The “inurl:” syntax restricts the search results to those URLs containing the search keyword. For example: “inurl: passwd” (without quotes) will return only links to those pages that have "passwd" in the URL.
 
Similarly, if one has to query for more than one word in an URL then in that case “allinurl:” can be used instead of “inurl” to get the list of URLs containing all those search keywords in it. For example: “allinurl: etc/passwd“ will look for the URLs containing “etc” and “passwd”. The slash (“/”) between the words will be ignored by Google.
 
 
[ site: ]
 
The “site:” syntax restricts Google to query for certain keywords in a particular site or domain. For example: “exploits site:hackingspirits.com” (without quotes) will look for the keyword “exploits” in those pages present in all the links of the domain “hackingspirits.com”. There should not be any space between “site:” and the “domain name”.
 

[ filetype: ]
 
This “filetype:” syntax restricts Google search for files on internet with particular extensions (i.e. doc, pdf or ppt etc). For example: “filetype:doc site:gov confidential” (without quotes) will look for files with “.doc” extension in all government domains with “.gov” extension and containing the word “confidential” either in the pages or in the “.doc” file. i.e. the result will contain the links to all confidential word document files on the government sites.
 
 
[ link: ]
 
“link:” syntax will list down webpages that have links to the specified webpage. For Example: “link:[Linkleri sadece kayıtlı üyelerimiz görebilir.ForumTR üyesi olmak için tıklayınız] will list webpages that have links pointing to the SecurityFocus homepage. Note there can be no space between the "link:" and the web page url.
 
 
 
[ related: ]
 
The “related:” will list web pages that are "similar" to a specified web page. For Example: “related:[Linkleri sadece kayıtlı üyelerimiz görebilir.ForumTR üyesi olmak için tıklayınız] will list web pages that are similar to the Securityfocus homepage. Note there can be no space between the "related:" and the web page url.
 
 
[ cache: ]
 
The query “cache:” will show the version of the web page that Google has in its cache. For Example: “cache:[Linkleri sadece kayıtlı üyelerimiz görebilir.ForumTR üyesi olmak için tıklayınız] will show Google's cache of the Google homepage. Note there can be no space between the "cache:" and the web page url.
 
If you include other words in the query, Google will highlight those words within the cached document. For Example: “cache:[Linkleri sadece kayıtlı üyelerimiz görebilir.ForumTR üyesi olmak için tıklayınız] guest” will show the cached content with the word "guest" highlighted.
 
 
[ intext: ]
 
The “intext:” syntax searches for words in a particular website. It ignores links or URLs and page titles. For example: “intext:exploits” (without quotes) will return only links to those web pages that has the search keyword "exploits" in its webpage.
 
 
[ phonebook: ]
 
“phonebook” searches for U.S. street address and phone number information. For Example: “phonebook:Lisa+CA” will list down all names of person having “Lisa” in their names and located in “California (CA)”. This can be used as a great tool for hackers incase someone want to do dig personal information for social engineering.
 
 
Querying for vulnerable sites or servers using Google’s advance syntaxes
 
Well, the Google’s query syntaxes discussed above can really help people to precise their search and get what they are exactly looking for.
 
Now Google being so intelligent search engine, malicious users don’t mind exploiting its ability to dig confidential and secret information from internet which has got restricted access. Now I shall discuss those techniques in details how malicious user dig information from internet using Google as a tool.
 
 
Using “Index of ” syntax to find sites enabled with Index browsing
 
A webserver with Index browsing enabled means anyone can browse the webserver directories like ordinary local directories. Here I shall discuss how one can use “index of” syntax to get a list links to webserver which has got directory browsing enabled. This becomes an easy source for information gathering for a hacker. Imagine if the get hold of password files or others sensitive files which are not normally visible to the internet. Below given are few examples using which one can get access to many sensitive information much easily.
 
Index of /admin
Index of /passwd
Index of /password
Index of /mail
 
"Index of /" +passwd
"Index of /" +password.txt
"Index of /" +.htaccess
 
"Index of /secret"
"Index of /confidential"
"Index of /root"
"Index of /cgi-bin"
"Index of /credit-card"
"Index of /logs"
"Index of /config"
 
 
Looking for vulnerable sites or servers using “inurl:” or “allinurl:”
 
a. Using “allinurl:winnt/system32/” (without quotes) will list down all the links to the server which gives access to restricted directories like “system32” through web. If you are lucky enough then you might get access to the cmd.exe in the “system32” directory. Once you have the access to “cmd.exe” and are able to execute it then you can go ahead in further escalating your privileges over the server and compromise it.
 
 
b. Using “allinurl:wwwboard/passwd.txt”(without quotes) in the Google search will list down all the links to the server which are vulnerable to “WWWBoard Password vulnerability”. To know more about this vulnerability you can have a look at the following link:
[Linkleri sadece kayıtlı üyelerimiz görebilir.ForumTR üyesi olmak için tıklayınız]
 
 
c. Using “inurl:.bash_history” (without quotes) will list down all the links to the server which gives access to “.bash_history” file through web. This is a command history file. This file includes the list of command executed by the administrator, and sometimes includes sensitive information such as password typed in by the administrator. If this file is compromised and if contains the encrypted unix (or *nix) password then it can be easily *****ed using “John The Ripper”.
 
 
d. Using “inurl:config.txt” (without quotes) will list down all the links to the servers which gives access to “config.txt” file through web. This file contains sensitive information, including the hash value of the administrative password and database authentication credentials. For Example: Ingenium Learning Management System is a Web-based application for Windows based systems developed by Click2learn, Inc. Ingenium Learning Management System versions 5.1 and 6.1 stores sensitive information insecurely in the config.txt file. For more information refer the following links:
[Linkleri sadece kayıtlı üyelerimiz görebilir.ForumTR üyesi olmak için tıklayınız]
 
 
 
Other similar search using “inurl:” or “allinurl:” combined with other syntaxs
 
inurl:admin filetype:txt
inurl:admin filetype:db
inurl:admin filetype:cfg
inurl:mysql filetype:cfg
inurl:passwd filetype:txt
inurl:iisadmin
inurl:auth_user_file.txt
inurl:orders.txt
inurl:"wwwroot/*."
inurl:adpassword.txt
inurl:webeditor.php
inurl:file_upload.php
 
inurl:gov filetype:xls "restricted"
index of ftp +.mdb allinurl:/cgi-bin/ +mailto
 
Looking for vulnerable sites or servers using “intitle:” or “allintitle:”
 
a. Using [allintitle: "index of /root”] (without brackets) will list down the links to the web server which gives access to restricted directories like “root” through web. This directory sometimes contains sensitive information which can be easily retrieved through simple web requests.
 
 
b. Using [allintitle: "index of /admin”] (without brackets) will list down the links to the websites which has got index browsing enabled for restricted directories like “admin” through web. Most of the web application sometimes uses names like “admin” to store admin credentials in it. This directory sometimes contains sensitive information which can be easily retrieved through simple web requests.
 
 
 
Other similar search using “intitle:” or “allintitle:” combined with other syntaxs
 
intitle:"Index of" .sh_history
intitle:"Index of" .bash_history
intitle:"index of" passwd
intitle:"index of" people.lst
intitle:"index of" pwd.db
intitle:"index of" etc/shadow
intitle:"index of" spwd
intitle:"index of" master.passwd
intitle:"index of" htpasswd
intitle:"index of" members OR accounts
intitle:"index of" user_carts OR user_cart
 
allintitle: sensitive filetype:doc
allintitle: restricted filetype :mail
allintitle: restricted filetype:doc site:gov
 
 
Other interesting Search Queries
 
To search for sites vulnerable to Cross-Sites Scripting (XSS) attacks:
allinurl:/scripts/cart32.exe
allinurl:/CuteNews/show_archives.php
allinurl:/phpinfo.php
 
 
To search for sites vulnerable to SQL Injection attacks:
allinurl:/privmsg.php
allinurl:/privmsg.php
 
 
Securing servers or sites from Google’s invasion
 
Below given are the security measures which system administrators and security professionals must take into account to secure critical information available online, falling into wrong hands:
 
- Install latest security patches available till date for the applications and as well as the operating system running on the servers.
 
- Don’t put critical and sensitive information on servers without any proper authentication system which can be directly accessible to anyone on internet.
 
- Disable directory browsing on the webserver. Directory browsing should be enabled for those web-folders for which you want to give access to anyone on internet.
 
- If you find any links to your restricted server or sites in Google search result then it should be removed. Visit the following link for more details:
[Linkleri sadece kayıtlı üyelerimiz görebilir.ForumTR üyesi olmak için tıklayınız]
 
- Disable anonymous access in the webserver through internet to restricted systems directory.
 
- Install filtering tools like URLScan for servers running IIS as webserver.

Giris
 
Google daha onceden tasarlanmis komutlariyla cikardigi inanilmaz sonuclari onu dunyanin en popular arama motoru yapar. Bu ozelligi art niyetli kisilerin ornegin hackelarin ve *****erlarin ve betik cocuklarinin google i normal gozlerin goremeyecegi sekilde hassas ve gizli seylerin cikarilmasinda kapsamli sekilde kullanmasina saglar.
 
Bu dokumanda ,asagida verilen hususlarin mutlaka system yoneticilerinim ve guvenlik uzmanlari tarafindan goz onunde bulundurmasi gerekir .
 
- Google in Gelismis Arama Sorgulama soz dizimlerini.
- Hassas siteleri veya sunuculari sorgulamak icin google gelismis aramasi kullanilir.
- sunucular veya siteleri google in istilalarina karsi
guvenligini gelistirirken 
 
Google in gelismis arama sorgulama soz dizileri
 
Asagida ki bahsedilenler google in cesitli ozel komutlari ve her komutun kisaca ozetledigim, nasil kullanicilaginin en hassas noktalaridir.
 
[ intitle: ]
 
The "intitle:" soz dizimi google'i sinirlayarak basliginda bu gecen sayfalari bulmakta faydali olmaktadir. Ornegin, "intitle: login password" (tirnaklar olmadan…) size basliginda "login" kelimesinin gectigi, ve "password" kelimesinin sayfanin herhangi bir yerindeki bahsedilen sitelerin baglantilarini dondurekcektir.
 
Benzer sekilde , eger ki sayfalarin basliginda birden fazla kelime sorgulayacaksak bu durumda "allintitle:" "intitle" in yerine kullanilir. Bu sekilde basliklarinda bu kelimeler olan siteler aranir.
 
[ inurl: ]
The "inurl:" sozdizimi baglantilarinda bu kelimeler gecen sayfalari dondurur. Ornegin "inurl: passwd" (tirnaklar yok) baglantilarinda passwd kelimesi olan baglantilari donderecektir.
 
Benzer sekilde, eger ki bir sorgu birden fazla kelimeye sahip bir baglantiysa, bu durumda "allinurl:" "inurl" yerine kullanilir. Ornegin "allinurl: etc/passwd" sorgusu icinde "etc" ve "passwd" kelimelerini iceren sayfalarini arayacaktir. ("/") karakteri bu sorgu icinde ihmal edilir.
 
[ site: ]
 
Sorgularimizin icinde "site:" kelimesi google in sadece bir site icinde arama yapmasina olanak verir. Ornegin "exploits site:hackingspirits.com" (tirnaklar yok) bu alanin butun baglantilarda exploit kelimesini bulundugu sayfalari arar. "site:" ve "domain name" arasinda bosluk olmamali. 
 
[ filetype: ]
 
"filetype" soz dizimi google i internette belirlenmis uzantilarin aramansiyla sinirlar (ornegin doc, pdf or ppt vs…). Ornegin : "filetype:doc site:gov confidential" (Tirnaklar yok) icerisinde ".doc" uzantisinin gectigi ve alaninda ".gov" uzantisi olan alanlari ve gerek sayfalarda gerekse ".doc" dosyalarda "confidential" kelimesinin oldugu sayfalari arar.
 
[ link: ]
 
"link:" sozdizimi herhangi bir belirlenmis web sayfasina olan baglantilari listeler. Ornegin "link:www.securityfocus.com" sorgusu icersinde SecurityFocus ana syafasi olan web sayfalarini listeler. Not : "link:" ve web sayfasinin url i arasinda bosluk yok.
 
[ related: ]
 
"related:" soz dizimi verilen web sayfalarina benzer olan web sayfalarini listeler. Ornegin : "related:www.securityfocus.com" Securityfocus ana sayfasina benzer olan yeni web sayfalarini listeleycektir. . Not : "related:" ve web sayfasinin url i arasinda bosluk yok.
 
[ cache: ]
 
"cache:" soz dizimi bir google in gecici hafizasinda saklanan web sayfasinin yorumunu gosterecektir. Ornegin : "cache:www.hackingspirits.com" google in kendi gecici hafizasinda sakladigi ana sayfasini gosterecektir.
Eger ki sorguya diger kelimeleri de katarsaniz, Google icersinde olan bu kelimeleri renkli olarak gosterecektir. Ornegin "cache:www.hackingspirits.com guest" guest kelimesini renklendirecektir.
 
[ intext: ]
"intext:" soz dizimi belirli bir sitede ki kelimeleri arar. Bu linkleri yada URL leri ve basliklari ihmal eder. For example: "intext:exploits" (tirnak yok) web sayfalarinda "exploits" olan kelimeleri isaret eden web sayfalari gosterir.
 
[ phonebook: ]
 
"phonebook" A.B.D. cadde adresleri ve telefon numaralari bilgilerini arar. Ornegin: "phonebook:Lisa+CA" icerisinde Lisa ismi gecen ve yerlesim yeri California olan siteleri listeler. Eger ki birisinin ozel hayatini arastirmak istiyorsa, bu tur aramalar sosyal muhendislik tarafinda hackerlar icin cok iyi bir aractir 
Zayif siteler ve sunucularin google'in gelismis araclarini kullanarak sorgulamak 
Evet, yukarda bahsedilen google in arama teknikleri insanlara kesin sonucular yapmada ve aradiklarini kesin bulmada yardim eder.
Su anda Google o kadar akilli bir arama motoru ki, tehlikeli kullanicilar yasaklanmis alanlara aldiris etmeden gizli bilgilere ulasabiliyor. 
 
"Index of" soz dizimi ile taranabilecek siteleri bulmak.
 
Iceriginin siralanmis sekilde gezilmesine izin verilmis bir sunucuyu gezmek demek kendi bilgisayarinizda gezmek anlamina gelir. Simdi burada "index of" soz diziminin web sunucularinin listelerini nasil gosterdiginden bahsedecegim. 
Index of /admin
Index of /passwd
Index of /password
Index of /mail
"Index of /" +passwd
"Index of /" +password.txt
"Index of /" +.htaccess
"Index of /secret"
"Index of /confidential"
"Index of /root"
"Index of /cgi-bin"
"Index of /credit-card"
"Index of /logs"
"Index of /config"
 
"inurl:" yada "allinurl:" ile sitelerin ve sunucularin zayifliklarini arastirmak.
 
a. "allinurl:winnt/system32/" (tirnak yok) kullanmak system32 gibi klasorlere web tarafindan ulasilabilecek sunuculari listeleyecektir. Eger ki biraz sansli iseniz, daha sonra cmd.exe ye ulasacaksinizdir. Daha sonra da suncuyu yonetebilecek haklara sahip olacak haklara erisim saglamis olacaksiniz.
 
b. "allinurl:wwwboard/passwd.txt"(tirnaksiz) kullanmak, google arama motorunda "WWWBoard Password vulnerability" karsi zayifligi olan butun sunucularin linklerini listeleyecektir. Bu konu hakkinda daha fazla sey icin suraya goz atabilirsiniz [Linkleri sadece kayıtlı üyelerimiz görebilir.ForumTR üyesi olmak için tıklayınız] .
 
c. "inurl:.bash_history" (tirnaklar yok)kullanmak, to ".bash_history" dosyalarina webten ulasmayi saglayan sunuculari listeleyecektir. Bu bir tarih kayit dosyasidir. Sistem yoneticilerin kullandigi komutlar bu dosyada tutulur, ve bazende cok hassas bilgileri icerir ornegin yonetici sifresi gibi… Dosya "John The Ripper" programiyla cok kolayca kirilabilir eger ki sifrelendiyse.
 
d. "inurl:config.txt" (tirnaksiz) kullanmak , webden "config.txt" dosyasina ulasilmasina izin veren sunucularin adreslerini bize listeleyecektir. Bu dosya hassas bilgiler icerir, iceriginde yonetici sifresinin rastgele sifreli degeri ve veritabani izin belgeleri bulunabilir. Ornegin : "Ingenium Learning Management System" web tabanli bir program olup windows tabanli sistemler icin Click2learn tarafindan gelistirilmistir. "Ingenium Learning Management System" 5.1 ve 6.1 surumunde hassas bilgileri yeterince guvenli olmadan config.txt dosyasinda saklamistir. Daha fazla bilgi icin [Linkleri sadece kayıtlı üyelerimiz görebilir.ForumTR üyesi olmak için tıklayınız] adresine bakabilirsiniz.
 
Diger benzer soz dizimleriyle birlestirilmis, benzer "inurl:" yada "allinurl:" arama soz dizimleri…
 
inurl:admin filetype:txt
inurl:admin filetype:db
inurl:admin filetype:cfg
inurl:mysql filetype:cfg
inurl:passwd filetype:txt
inurl:iisadmin
inurl:auth_user_file.txt
inurl:orders.txt
inurl:"wwwroot/*."
inurl:adpassword.txt
inurl:webeditor.php
inurl:file_upload.php
inurl:gov filetype:xls "restricted"
index of ftp +.mdb allinurl:/cgi-bin/ +mailto
 
"intitle:" ya da "allintitle:" kullanarak sitelerin veya sunucularin zayifliklarinin arastirilmasi 
 
[allintitle: "index of /root"] (koseli parantezler yok.) kullanmak, webten bize "root" gibi sinirlanmis klasorlere girelebilecek web serverlarin adreslerini listeler. Bu dizin bazen internetten kolayca alinabilecek degerli bilgileri icerginde tutar.
 
[allintitle: "index of /admin"] (koseli parantezler yok) kullanmak, web ten "admin" gibi sinirlandirilmis klasorlere gezilmesine olanak saglayan adresleri listeler. Bircok web uygulamasi "admin" gibi isimleri belgelerinde kullanir.
 
Diger benzer soz dizimleriyle birlestirilmis benzer arama soz dizimleri…
 
intitle:"Index of" .sh_history
intitle:"Index of" .bash_history
intitle:"index of" passwd
intitle:"index of" people.lst
intitle:"index of" pwd.db
intitle:"index of" etc/shadow
intitle:"index of" spwd
intitle:"index of" master.passwd
intitle:"index of" htpasswd
intitle:"index of" members OR accounts
intitle:"index of" user_carts OR user_cart
allintitle: sensitive filetype:doc
allintitle: restricted filetype :mail
allintitle: restricted filetype:doc site:gov
 
Diger ilginc sorgulama teknikleri
 
Cross-Sites Scripting (XSS) saldirisi icin sitelerin zayifliklarini aramak:
 
allinurl:/scripts/cart32.exe
allinurl:/CuteNews/show_archives.php
allinurl:/phpinfo.php
SQL sizinti saldirina karsi zayif siteleri aramak icin :
allinurl:/privmsg.php
allinurl:/privmsg.php
 
Google in saldirilarindan siteleri ve sunuculari korumak 
 
Asagida verilen guvenlik onlemlerini sistem yoneticileri ve guvenlik uzmanlari mutlaka goz onunde bulundurmalidir. 
En son guvenlik yamalarini isletim sisteminde oldugu gibi programlar icin de uygulamalisiniz.
Onemli bilgilerinizi izinleri dogru ayarlarmadan internetten dogrudan ulasilabilen sunuculara koymayiniz 
 
-Web sunucusundan dizin gezmeye izin vermeyiniz. Dizin gezme sadece web klasorlerine internetten giris izni verdiginiz klasorler icin aktif hala getirilmelidir.
-Eger ki sinirlandirilmis veya sitelerin adreslerin google in sorgu sonuclarinda bulursaniz, bunu yok etmelisiniz. Bunun icin asagida ki linki inceleyiniz.
[Linkleri sadece kayıtlı üyelerimiz görebilir.ForumTR üyesi olmak için tıklayınız] 
-Belirsiz kullanicilarin internet araciliyla yasaklanmis system klasorlerine ulasmasini engelliyiniz. 
-IIs webserverlarini kullanan sunuculara URLScan gibi filtreleme araclarini kurunuz.